The most important part in an eye exam is to be able to talk with your doctor.  The doctor must understand why you are in his office.  This back and forth conversation could be at the beginning of the exam or it can be on going through out the time you are in his office.  you must be able to express yourself to your satisfaction and  share your vision problems with him or her.    make sure you mention any issue you have with headaches, blurred vision, double vision dry eyes , sensitivity to light or any other problem.   From this your doctor can decide which test he needs to perform.

• VISUAL ACUITY.   This is a measurement of your ability to see at distance and near letters or numbers of various sizes with each eye separately and both eyes together.
• REFRACTIVE  ASSESSMENT.  If you are having problem seeing at any distance , this test will determine the proper prescription for glasses or contact lenses.  This is a subjective test, so be careful in choosing the lenses that you can see best with.  Ask to repeat as much as  you like until you feel certain. 
• EYE MOVEMENT TEST.  This is a test that screens for any deviation in the alignment between the two eyes.  The doctor will use a small penlight or just his finger and ask you to follow the movement up and down or left to right, Through this test he will determine if you have any eye movement disorder.
• PUPIL REACTION TO LIGHT.  This is a test to determine if you have any neurological disorder.  The doctor will shine a light in each eye and observe how each pupil react when stimulated directly and indirectly.
• VISUAL FIELDS.  This is a test that is done one eye at a time.  There are several methods of testing your visual field.  The most basic test is where your doctor will move his hands in various position in your field of vision and ask if you can see his/her finger or movement.  A more high tech test may involve watching a screen as dots of light flash at different intensity and mapping your total field of vision.
• OPHTHALMOSCOPY.  Using a special light with or without dilation the doctor will look inside your eye and assess the health of the retina and optic nerve as well as the vascular system and other surrounding structures.
• BIOMICROSCOPY.  Using a special microscope the doctor will examin the front of the eye including the cornea, the front chamber of the eye known as the aquase humer, the lens of the eye, the iris and other surrounding areas.
• GLAUCOMA TEST.  Also known as tonometry, several methods are available including the very well known PUFF test or a probe  attached to the biomicroscope with the aid of eye drops to numb your your cornea the doctor will check the pressure inside the eye.
• RESULTS,  After the exam is over,  the doctor will go over the result with you, alert you to any risks and recommend any treatment, correction or referral to another specialist.  If you have a refractive error, the doctor will give you all your options, glasses, contact lenses, and lasik and the latest technology in any of these areas that may best suit your needs.

“I’m concerned about those numbers, but I’m not surprised by them.” says Vision Services Plan network doctor Anthony Borgognoni, O.D., of Plano, Texas. “These days, most people know that UV light can severely damage your skin, and sunscreen is the order of the day.

“Far fewer people understand that extended exposure to sunlight in childhoos can lead to cataracts and age-related macular degeneration,” he says. “Both of those disoreders can cause impaired vision or even blindness. Making sure your kids wear sunglasses isn’t a frill, it’s a neccessity.”

What to Wear

Dr. Borgognoni reccomends that your child’s sunglasses, whether prescription or nonprescription, carry an ultraviolet (UV) protection sticker. look for the American Optometric Association Seal of Acceptance – it means the sunglasses block 99 to 100 percent of UV radiation.

Other things to consider in buying your child sunglasses:

• Don’t buy toy sunglasses. Buy real ones with UV protection. Shatterproof polycarbonate lenses that don’t pop out of frames are best.
• Lenses should block 75-90 percent of light. Look at your child with the sunglasses on – if you can see his or her eyes, the lenses probably arent dark enough.
• Sunglasses shouldn’t change the color scheme. Gray lenses are recommended because they absorb light across the color spectrum eqally. That means they won’t distort the colors of the objects you’reseeing.
• Lenses should block peripheral UV radiation. Purchase eyewear that is large enough for our child’s head or extends out to the sides to block peripheral UV rays.